A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), that leading symbol of environmental awareness, has environmental and health issues of its own that may surprise you. Balanced against the potential energy and cost savings are potential dangers to people, animals and plants during the manufacturing, use and disposal of CFLs. You can make up your own mind about using them at home or at work; it’s just good to have the information you need to make an informed decision.

Image © Petr Kratochvil – Fotolia.com
A closer look at energy and cost savings
CFLs are often known as energy saving lights because a CFL generally uses less power and has a longer rated life than incandescent lamps. Typically, the packaging for a CFL will say that the lamp can save over US $30 in electricity costs over its lifetime compared to the lifetime of an incandescent bulb.
However, a CFL may last no longer than an incandescent bulb if it’s used for only a few minutes at a time. The US Energy Star program advises leaving a CFL on for at least 15 minutes at a time. In that context, your higher-priced CFL may save you nothing when used for a trip to the kitchen for a midnight snack or to the bathroom or in many other on-and-off situations.
A closer look at environmental benefits
Not only are CFLs engineered to use less power than incandescent lamps, but because they also run cooler, they may also cut air conditioning power use. Assuming that it draws electricity derived from burning fossil fuels, a CFL used to its maximum life may save 2,000 times its own weight in greenhouse gases.
In areas powered by coal, CFLs may also reduce some mercury emissions (because coal emissions include mercury). However, mercury is at the core of environmental and health damage that CFLs may cause …
A closer look at mercury factors
Like all fluorescent lamps, CFLs contain mercury vapor that glows when electrified. Mercury is highly toxic. An accumulation in the body can cause nerve, lung and kidney damage and especially threatens unborn babies and young children. And unfortunately, you can’t see, smell or taste mercury vapors—so it’s hard to know whether you’ve been exposed.
Some quick history: Ancient Roman and Greek cultures knew about the dangers of mercury. Prisoners were often made to work in mercury mines to spare the health of the general population. This was actually a death sentence worse than beheading or stoning because it was slower and more painful. And remember the Mad Hatter from Alice in Wonderland? Well, he was “mad” because hatters commonly used mercury to shape the felt in felt hats. The overexposure to mercury vapors caused madness.
Having that information helps underline tragic news reported this week in the London Times that the manufacturing of CFLs has led to hundreds of citizens of China being poisoned by mercury. The article says that inadequate safety and environmental controls in some mines and factories not only sicken people and animals, but also stunt crops.
Mercury vapor is released any time a CFL or any fluorescent light is broken. You’ll find cleanup advice at this EPA page, starting with the instruction to open a window and leave the room for 15 minutes. The EPA page also has information for what to do in case liquid mercury spills. Keep our Mercury Spill Control Kits in mind. The MerconKit™ product below features excellent vapor control as well.

Frankly, the EPA is vague about CFL disposal. The advice is to look for options locally, but there are sometimes none to be found. I know this firsthand: I’ve got a half a dozen CFLs in a box in my garage waiting for a good disposal option. This drives me nuts, especially because some countries are going to make CFLs mandatory as soon as next year, so a lot more people will run into the same situation OR, not knowing any better or not caring, will just toss spent or broken CFLs into the regular trash. Not only does this increase their risk of exposure to mercury vapor, it also sets up a prime scenario for water and other resources to be contaminated!
The closest “safe and responsible” disposal option I’ve found (starting here) is the Home Depot or IKEA in Pittsburgh—about a two-hour drive from my hometown. So I’ve spent twice the money to buy this bulb, and will have to drive 120 miles to get rid of it? Now I’m creating excess air emissions and wasting fossil fuels. Have legislators really thought this through?
Thankfully, it’s often easier for companies who use recycling services. New Pig is diligent about recycling CFLs, fluorescent tube lamps, HID bulbs and as many other materials as we can. We can only hope that more convenient options will become available for the general public as well.
Hope you found all of this this en-light-ening …